Showing 374 results

Authority record

Wentworth, Richard

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN100
  • Person
  • c.1480-1528

Sir Richard Wentworth, 5th Lord le Despenser, was born circa 1480 at Nettlestead, Kent. He was the son of Sir Henry Wentworth by his first wife, Anne (Saye) Wentworth, and married Anne Tyrrell around 1499. He served as Sheriff of Norfolk and Suffolk. On his death in October 1528, Sir Richard was buried at Ipswich in Suffolk.

Stafford, Henry

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN101
  • Person
  • c.1425-1471

Henry Stafford was the second son of Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, and the third husband of Lady Margaret Beaufort, his second cousin. They were wedded in January 1458 and enjoyed a long and ostensibly amicable marriage until Stafford’s death in 1471. Like Lady Margaret, Stafford backed the House of Lancaster during the early years of the Wars of the Roses and fought alongside the Lancastrians at the battle of Towton in March 1461. However, following his pardon by Edward IV of England in June 1461, Stafford retained a cautious allegiance to the Yorkist King in subsequent challenges to his sovereignty. Stafford supported Edward at the Battle of Losecoat Field in 1470 and again at Barnet in 1471, where he was wounded during the conflict and later died from his injuries.

Stafford, Henry, 2nd Duke of Buckingham

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN102
  • Person
  • 1454-1483

Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, was the nephew of Henry Stafford and Lady Margaret Beaufort, the eldest son of Henry Stafford’s brother, Humphrey Stafford. Following the death of his father in 1458, he became a ward of King Edward IV of England and was appointed Duke of Buckingham in 1460, after the death of his grandfather, the 1st Duke of Buckingham. In 1466, Stafford was married to Catherine Woodville (c.1458-1497), the sister of Edward IV’s queen, Elizabeth Woodville. Together, they had four children.

In the months following Edward IV’s death in 1483, Stafford initially appeared to back the succession of Richard, Duke of Gloucester, to the throne as Richard III of England. But quickly disillusioned with Richard, Stafford switched allegiance to his cousin, Henry Tudor, and mounted a rebellion against Richard in Tudor’s name. The rebellion was unsuccessful and Stafford was executed for treason at Salisbury in November 1483.

Stafford, Edward, 3rd Duke of Buckingham

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN103
  • Person
  • 1478-1521

Edward Stafford was the eldest son of Lady Margaret Beaufort’s nephew, Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, and Catherine Woodville. Lady Margaret assumed the wardship of Edward, together with responsibility for his estates, in August 1486, a year after the accession of King Henry VII of England to the crown. Edward’s father, the 2nd Duke of Buckingham, had been executed several years earlier in 1483 by King Richard III of England on the charge of treason, and his attainder was only formally reversed following Richard’s death in 1485.

It is likely that the young Edward, now the 3rd Duke of Buckingham, was educated in Lady Margaret’s households. In December 1490, he married Eleanor Percy (c.1474-1530), daughter of Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland. Buckingham became a conspicuous figure within the royal circle and was frequently in attendance at court. He was made a Knight of the Order of the Garter in 1495 and became a member of King Henry VIII’s Privy Council in 1509. In 1521, he was arrested and charged with plotting to overthrow the king. Found guilty at trial, Buckingham was beheaded on 17 May 1521 and his honours and estates were subsequently forfeited.

Weyck, Meynnart

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN104
  • Person
  • fl.1502-1511

Meynnart Wewcyck was a Flemish painter. He was responsible for drawing the design for Lady Margaret's tomb, a copy of which was then given to the sculptor in charge of producing the gilt-bronze tomb effigy, Pietro Torrigiano.

Woodhull, Fulk

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN105
  • Person
  • c.1459-1508

Fulk Woodhull, of Warkworth, Northamptonshire, was the eldest son of John Wodhull and Joan (Jean) Etwell. He was married first to Anne Newnham, with whom he had three children, and second, to Elizabeth Webb. He served as Sheriff of Northamptonshire from around 1500 and died in 1508.

Morgan, Philip

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN106
  • Person
  • c.1455-c.1521

Philip Morgan was Fellow of King’s College, Cambridge, and physician to Lady Margaret Beaufort. He was first admitted to King’s as an Eton scholar in 1471 and obtained his M.A. 1478-1479, M.D. 1507. He was appointed Esquire Bedell c.1490 and served as Prebendary of Lincoln, 1515-1521.

Shorton, Robert

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN107
  • Person
  • d.1535

Robert Shorton was the first Master of St. John’s College, Cambridge, from its foundation in 1511 to Shorton’s resignation in 1516. A scholar of Jesus College, Cambridge, Shorton graduated M.A. (1503), D.D. (1511-12). He was elected Fellow of Pembroke Hall in 1505 and later served as Master there, from 1518 to 1534. Shorton was also Almoner to Queen Catherine of Aragon and supported her cause in convocation. Among his many clerical appointments, he served as Canon of Windsor (1527-35) and Archdeacon of Bath (1534-35). He was appointed Master of Stoke-by-Clare College, Suffolk, in 1529 and was buried there after his death in October 1535.

Gilbert, Donald

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN108
  • Person
  • act. 1494-1497

Of Scottish origin, Gilbert was a friar and doctor active in London during the late 1490s. He was warden of the Franciscan Observants at Greenwich and an associate of Richard Foxe.

Henry VII, King of England

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN109
  • Person
  • 1457-1509

Henry VII, born Henry Tudor, was King of England from August 1485 to April 1509. He was the only son of Lady Margaret Beaufort and Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond, born at Pembroke Castle in Wales in 1457.

Henry never met his father, who died several months prior to Henry’s birth. Henry and his newly-widowed mother, thirteen years old at the time, were therefore initially protected by Henry’s uncle, Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke. In 1561, guardianship of Lady Margaret and Henry passed to William Herbert, who assumed the Earldom of Pembroke after Jasper’s exile abroad. Henry lived in the Herbert household until Herbert’s death in 1469.

When Edward IV of England regained control of the crown in 1471, Henry was one of a number of Lancastrians who fled to Brittany. Henry’s main claim to the English crown and challenge to the Yorkist king was through Lady Margaret, who was the great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster. During most of the next fourteen years, Henry was protected by Francis II, Duke of Brittany. By 1483, he held the strongest claim to sovereignty on the Lancastrian side.

In August 1485, Henry finally defeated the incumbent Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in order to become King of England. His coronation was held in Westminster Abbey on 30 October 1485. When Henry married Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV, in early 1486, he not only reinforced his existing claim to the English throne, but also brought an end to the long-standing conflict known as the Wars of the Roses, fought between the two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet.

Henry’s reign of almost twenty-four years was characterised by relative stability and fiscal prudence. He was father to four children by Elizabeth: Arthur, Margaret, Henry and Mary. In April 1509, Henry died of tuberculosis at Richmond Palace. He is buried alongside his wife, Elizabeth, in a specially-commissioned chapel at Westminster Abbey.

Fox, Loftus Henry Kendal Bushe-

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN11
  • Person
  • 1863-1916

Born in Hampstead on 6th December 1863, the son of Major Luke Loftus Bushe-Fox, an alumnus of Christ Church College Oxford and barrister, Loftus Bushe-Fox came up to St John’s College Cambridge in 1882 and first studied the Maths Tripos in 1885 as 12th Wrangler, before completing the Law Tripos (LLB) the following year. It was not until 1912 that he proceeded to take the LLM. He was called to the Bar at the Inner Temple in 1890, before returning to St John’s in 1902.

Bushe-Fox returned to Cambridge to take up a position of Law Lecturer at St John’s in 1902, before being admitted to the Fellowship in 1903 as well as taking on the role of Junior Dean that year, and becoming a Tutor in 1905. He was committed to his work in the College and was well thought of by students and staff. Outside his academic commitments he was a keen sportsman, excelling at rowing, lawn tennis and shooting.

His relatively early death in 1916 was mourned by current staff and students alike, and was considered a great loss to the College and future students.

Obituary in The Eagle: Vol 37, Easter 1916, p. 381
Accessible online at: https://documents.joh.cam.ac.uk/public/Eagle/Eagle%20Volumes/1910s/1916/Eagle_1916_Easter.pdf

Julius II, Pope

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN110
  • Person
  • 1443-1513

Born Giuliano della Rovere in Albisola, in the Republic of Genoa, Pope Julius II occupied the position of pontiff from 1503 to his death in 1513. Educated at the University in Perugia, Giuliano was first appointed Bishop of Carpentras in the Comtat Venaissin in October 1471, following the election of his uncle, Pope Sixtus IV, to the papacy. He was subsequently raised to the cardinalate in December 1471 and went on to hold a number of other important offices concurrently, including the offices of Papal Legate, Archbishop of Avignon and Bishop of Bologna. The dispensation which allowed the future Henry VIII of England to marry Catherine of Aragon – and which Henry later sought to nullify – was issued by Pope Julius in December 1503, shortly after his election to the papacy. His pontificate was characterised by active military involvement in foreign affairs and patronage of the arts. Under his authority, the Pontifical Swiss Guard, which is responsible for the security of the Vatican, was established in 1506, and the anti-Venetian alliance, the League of Cambrai, was created in 1508, as part of ongoing conflicts between major Western European powers over control of the Italian states. A number of significant architectural and artistic projects were commissioned by Pope Julius, including the painting of the Sistine Chapel ceiling by Michelangelo, frescoes by Raphael, and the reconstruction of St. Peter’s Basilica. He died in 1513 after a period of illness and was buried in the Vatican.

Baldewyn, Peter

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN111
  • Person

Servant to Lady Margaret, working as a scribe and illuminator.

Fremingham, Robert

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN112
  • Person

Treasurer to Lady Margaret Beaufort.

Scott, John

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN113
  • Person
  • c.1485-1545

Fellow of God's House, Cambridge, (re-established as Christ's College in 1505) and Junior Proctor from 1510 to 1511.

Fisher, John (1469-1535), Bishop of Rochester

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN114
  • Person
  • 1469-1535

John Fisher was an English bishop, theologian and humanist academic, who was instrumental in the founding of St John's College. He is venerated as a martyr and saint by the Roman Catholic Church. Born in the town of Beverley, Yorkshire, in 1469, Fisher was a student at Cambridge in the 1480s, gaining his BA in 1488. He was subsequently elected Fellow of Michaelhouse, one of the two Colleges later refounded as Trinity College by Henry VIII. He became chaplain and confessor to Lady Margaret Beaufort, and in 1504, was appointed as Bishop of Rochester. At Cambridge, Fisher was made Vice-Chancellor of the University in 1501 and served as President of Queens’ College from 1505 to 1508. He also encouraged the creation of the University’s oldest professorship, the Lady Margaret Professorship of Divinity, in 1502, and was elected as its first occupant.

It was through Fisher’s influence that Lady Margaret was moved to support the foundation of Christ's College (1505) and St John's College, and it was Fisher who was to secure the establishment of St. John’s in 1511, after Lady Margaret’s death in 1509. Fisher fiercely opposed the dissolution of Henry VIII's marriage to Catherine of Aragon, a position which brought him into grave conflict with the King. Fisher’s refusal to take an oath supporting Henry's right to act as Supreme Head of the Church in England led ultimately to his imprisonment in the Tower of London in 1534. Since such a refusal was considered a treasonable offence, Fisher was tried and sentenced to death, despite his late appointment to the office of cardinal by Pope Paul III. He was executed on Tower Hill on 22 June 1535.

Metcalfe, Gabriel

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN115
  • Person
  • fl. 1518-1527

Brother of Dr. Nicholas Metcalfe, Master of St. John's College from 1518 to 1537.

Ormeston, Roger

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN116
  • Person
  • d. 1504

Roger Ormeston was High Steward of Cambridge University, 1504. He graduated bachelor of civil law from Cambridge in 1489/90 and was a servant to Lady Margaret Beaufort. In the mid-1490s, Ormeston married Elizabeth, the widow of Sir Robert Chamberlain (who was executed in 1491). Ormeston was elected as K.B. in 1501. He died in 1504.

Mead, John Clement

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN117
  • Person
  • 1798-1839

John Clement Mead was an architect and designer based in London. Mead was the son of the London surveyor and designer Clement Mead. Mead trained at his father’s office and was admitted to the Royal Academy Schools in 1815. Between 1822 and 1824 he designed and built the Cambridge Observatory on Madingley Road. Mead submitted designs that were not adopted for new buildings at King’s College in 1823 and St John’s College in 1824. He died on 15 January 1839 after a long illness.

Browne, Arthur

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN118
  • Person
  • c.1757-1840

Arthur Browne was an architect and designer based in Norwich. Browne was a founding member of the Norwich Society of Artists in 1805 and was its president in 1807. In the same year, he was commissioned by Joseph Salusbury Muskett to rebuild Intwood Hall in Norfolk. In 1823 he designed and built the cast iron Magdalene Bridge, also known as the Great Bridge, in Cambridge. In 1825 he was invited to submit plans for New Court at St John’s College, Cambridge, but his designs were not implemented. He died in 1840.

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