Showing 374 results

Authority record

Field, Thomas

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN14
  • Person
  • 1811-1896

Reverend Canon Thomas Field B.D. was born on 3rd March 1822, the son of Reverend John Field (St John’s, 1807) and Louisa Bousquet. He was educated briefly at a small school in Northampton, followed by Oakham School until he entered St John’s College in 1840. He graduated BA in 1844, before being admitted to the Fellowship in 1947. During his time as a fellow, he also acted as Assistant Tutor. In 1950 he was ordained, and subsequently became Vicar of Madingley in 1958, a post which he held for four years. After that he became Vicar of Pampisford until 1968, before being invited to take up the Rectory of Bigby, near Brigg in Lincolnshire, which he held until his death.

A well liked character, Field was known for his generosity and kindness. He was married twice and had ten sons, three of whom were also members of St John’s, and one a member of Emmanuel College.

Obituary in The Eagle: Vol 19, Michaelmas 1896, p. 369
Accessible online at: https://documents.joh.cam.ac.uk/public/Eagle/Eagle%20Volumes/1890s/1897/Eagle_1896_Michaelmas.pdf

Bullock, George

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN140
  • Person
  • c. 1520/1-1572

George Bullock was an English Roman Catholic theologian. He studied at Cambridge and had become a College fellow by 1538. He was one of the appellants who challenged the governance of John Taylor. Although many of his fellow appellants left the College, Bullock remained. Uncomfortable with the protestant leanings of Edward VI, Bullock fled to the Netherlands. Bulllock returned to England after Mary's accession to the throne. He returned to Cambridge and took a degree of BTh in 1554 and on 12 May was elected Master of St John's.

He became Lady Margaret's Professor of Divinity in 1556 and graduated Doctor of Divinity in 1557. He was appointed vicar of St Sepulchre-without-Newgate in 1556, and later the same year rector of Great Munden. On the accession of Elizabeth I he was deprived of all his positions, when he refused to take the Oath of Supremacy.

Bullock once again left for the continent and travelled to Paris where he was invited to take refuge in the monastery at Ninove in the Netherlands. He remained at Ninove for eight years before moving to Antwerp where he printed Oeconomia methodica concordantiarum scripturae sacrae.

Bullock died in 1572 a few months after the publication of his book.

Pilkington, James

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN141
  • Person
  • 1520-1576

James Pilkington, was the son of Richard Pilkington and his wife, Alice, of Rivington, Lancashire. He was one of seven boys, his younger brother Leonard (1527-1599) was also Master of St John's. James Pilkington entered Pembroke College at 16 but soon transferred to St John's, receiving his B.A. in 1539. He was elected to the Fellowship shortly after receiving his degree. He became a senior fellow and preacher, taking part in the a disputation on transubstantiation. He was ordained between 1547-1550 and was presented to the vicarage of Kirby in Kendal by Edward VI but he resigned to continue his studies at Cambridge, taking his BTh. in 1551.

Pilkington left for the continent upon Mary's accession to the throne, travelling to Switzerland and Germany. He was appointed Master of St John's shortly after his return to England in 1559. In February 1561 he was made Bishop of Durham and resigned the mastership of SJC in October of that year. He was succeeded by his brother Leonard.

For more information see the Oxford DNB

Pilkington, Leonard

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN142
  • Person
  • 1527-1577

Leonard Pilkington, was the younger brother of James Pilkingon. He, like his brother, was born at Rivington, Lancashire. Leonard matriculated at St John's as a sizar and graduated BA in 1544. He was appointed to the fellowship in 1546 and proceeded to the MA the following year. He was named mathematical examiner at the College in 1548, lecturer in mathematics in 1550 and a senior fellow in 1551. He was ordained a deacon at St Paul's, London in May 1552, and he was appointed preacher at St John's later that year. He was forced to resign his fellowship shortly after Mary took the throne. He left England like his brother. He returned to England upon Elizabeth's accession. He was named Master of the College on 19 October 1561 succeeding his brother James.
For more information see the Oxford DNB

Longworth, Richard

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN143
  • Person
  • d. 1579

Richard Longworth matriculated as a pensioner in 1549. He graduated B.A. in 1553, M.A. in 1556, B.D. in 1563 and D.D. in 1567. Longworth was a fellow of Queens' College, Cambridge from 1553-1557 and a fellow of St John's from 1559. He was elected to the Mastership of St John's in 1564 but was deprived of the position by College's Visitor, the Bishop of Ely (Richard Cox) in 1569. Longworth was an enthusiastic Protestant and under his mastership the College had become a Protestant force in the university. Under Longworth, the Master and others refused to wear the surplice in chapel and Longworth was summoned to London to explain himself. The Visitor was called on to intervene as a result of internal feuding and dissension within the College.

Shepherd, Nicholas

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN144
  • 1533-1587

Nicholas Shepherd, college head, matriculated as a sizar from St John's College, Cambridge, in 1549, and was admitted a scholar there on the foundation of Sir Marmaduke Constable on 4 July. He graduated BA in 1553 and was elected a fellow on the foundation of William Fell on 25 March, but was ejected in 1554. Shepherd graduated MA in 1559, and was reinstated as a fellow in 1559–60. On 15 January 1561 he was elected a senior fellow. He served as junior bursar of the college in 1561–2, and on 4 July 1562 was elected a fellow of Trinity College. At Trinity Shepherd held office as junior dean (1562–3), senior bursar (1562–4), and vice-master (1564–9). He was university preacher in 1561 and 1566, and graduated BTh in 1568.

On 17 December 1569, Shepherd was elected Master of St John's. Shepherd vacated the the Mastership in 1574. He held the prebendary of Peterborough from 1560 and of Lincoln from 1572, retaining both of these posts along with the rectory of Houghham, Lincolnshire until his death in July 1587.

For more information see The Eagle, 29 (1907-08) pp. 29-33 and The Eagle, 31 (1909-10) pp. 281-316.

Still, John

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN145
  • Person
  • c. 1544-1608

John Still was born 1543 at Grantham, Lincolnshire. After finishing his schooling at The King's School, Grantham he became a student at Christ's College, Cambridge, where he graduated with a BA in 1562, MA in 1565, and DD degree in 1575. In 1561 he became a fellow of his college and took holy orders.

He was appointed in 1570 Lady Margaret's Professor of Divinity, subsequently held livings in Suffolk (where he was Archdeacon of Sudbury from 1576 to 1593) and Yorkshire, and was master successively of St John's College (1574) and of Trinity College (1577). Still was vice-chancellor of the university in 1575/6 and again in 1592/3, and was raised to the bishopric of Bath and Wells in 1593. In 1604 he purchased the manor of Hutton, Somerset, east of Wells and to the west of the Mendip Hills, with its residence of Hutton Court. He died on 26 February 1608, leaving a large fortune from lead mines discovered in the Mendips. There is a fine monument to Still in the north transept of Wells Cathedral, erected by his son Nathaniel.

Howland, Richard

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN146
  • Person
  • 1540-1600

Richard Howland was admitted as a pensioner at Christ's College on 18 March 1558 but migrated to SJC. He graduated B.A. in 1561. He was elected to the felllowship of Peterhouse in 1562 and proceeded to M.A. in 1564. In 1569, he was presented to the rectory of Stathern, Leicestershire by the Master and fellows of Peterhouse. He was appointed Master of Magdalene College by Lord Burghley in 1576. Howland was tipped to replace John Whitgift as master of Trinity upon Whitgift's resignation but the crown had already selected John Still to replace Whitgift. Howland was chosen to take Still's place as the head of St John's.

He was admitted Master 20 July 1577, finding a college full of religious dissensions but with new statutes. The choice of a successor threatened to involve the college in a fierce internal struggle and it was arranged that Howland should continue to hold the mastership with his bishopric (Peterborough); he resigned in February 1586.

Budden, Kenneth George, Dr

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN147
  • Person
  • 1915-2005

Kenneth Budden was born on 23rd June 1915 in Portsmouth, the son of George Easthope Budden, Engineer and Civil Servant, Admiralty, and Hannah Gertrude Homer Rea. He was admitted to St John’s in 1933 to study Natural Sciences where he chose to specialise in Physics. He graduated BA in 1936 and subsequently joined a research group in the Cavendish Laboratory working on the propagation of very-long-wavelength radio waves, being awarded his PhD in 1940.

Between 1939 and 1941 Budden was employed by the Telecommunications Research Establishment, before moving to the British Air Commission, Washington, DC 1941-1944. In 1945 he was engaged with Air Command, South-East Asia before working at Delanium Limited as Director of Research until 1947.

In 1947 he returned to the University of Cambridge and St John’s, initially as a University Demonstrator in Physics until 1953 when he became Lecturer in Physics, a position he held until 1965. Between 1965 and 1982 Budden achieved the position of Reader in Physics (Emeritus 1982). Parallel to this, at St John’s he was a Supervisor in Physics from 1947 to 1956, as well as Lecturer between 1956 and 1982, and Director of Studies for Physics 1961-77. He was also a Fellow of the College from 1947 until his death in 2005.

Budden wrote numerous books and papers on the propagation of radio waves, and in 1999 was awarded the Gold Medal of The Royal Astronomical Society in recognition of his contribution to Geophysics.

Obituary in The Eagle: Vol 88, 2006, p. 80

Beaufort, Margaret, Countess of Richmond and Derby

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN148
  • Person
  • 1443-1509

Lady Margaret Beaufort was mother to King Henry VII of England and foundress of St. John’s College. Born on 31st May 1443 at Bletsoe Castle in Bedfordshire, she was the daughter of Margaret Beauchamp of Bletsoe and John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset, and a descendant of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster. Margaret’s first marriage to John de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk, took place c.1450, although this marriage was never recognised by Margaret herself and was dissolved in 1453. Her second marriage to Edmund Tudor, half-brother of King Henry VI of England, took place on 1st November 1455, when Margaret was twelve years of age. Soon after, Margaret fell pregnant with Edmund’s child. In November 1456, she was widowed when Edmund, fighting on the Lancastrian side of the Wars of the Roses, was captured by Yorkist forces and died in captivity at Carmarthen. A few months later, Margaret gave birth to her only son, the future Henry VII of England, at Pembroke Castle in Wales, where she was protected by her brother-in-law, Jasper Tudor.

In 1458, Margaret married Sir Henry Stafford, the son of Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham. While the couple bore no children, Margaret enjoyed a long and close relationship with her husband until his death in 1471. Margaret’s fourth and final marriage to Thomas Stanley, the Lord High Constable and King of Mann, took place in June 1472.

After the success of her son, Henry, in securing the crown at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485, Margaret benefited significantly from her newfound authority as the King’s mother and wielded considerable power within the royal court. She was highly influential and a wealthy landowner and patron, generously donating money for the foundation of schools and colleges, including God’s House, Cambridge, which was refounded in 1505 as Christ’s College, and St. John’s College, founded in 1511 after her death with money from her estate. The Lady Margaret Professorship in Divinity, held respectively at Oxford and Cambridge universities, was established in her name in 1502.

Margaret died on 29th June 1509 and was buried in the Henry VII Chapel at Westminster Abbey, in a tomb created by the Florentine sculptor, Pietro Torrigiano. She remains a central figure in the history of the early Tudor dynasty and in the foundation of St. John’s College.

Henry VIII, King of England

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN149
  • Person
  • 1491-1547

Henry VIII was King of England from 1509 until his death in 1547. He was the second son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York, and grandson of Lady Margaret Beaufort. Born Henry Tudor in June 1491, he was raised with his sisters and received a first-class education under the supervision of his grandmother, who helped to ensure that Henry was tutored by some of the finest scholars of the day. After the death of his older brother, Arthur, in 1502, he became the new heir to the throne and was crowned King of England following the death of his father on 23rd June 1509, shortly before Henry’s eighteenth birthday. By this time, he had married his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, his brother’s widow. The couple had only daughter who survived infancy, Mary, born in 1516.

Henry is often noted for having had six successive wives during the course of his life. His second marriage to Anne Boleyn in 1533 followed the annulment of his marriage to Catherine and, in the face of papal opposition, a break with the Church of Rome that led in turn to the English Reformation and the appointment of Henry as Supreme Head of the Church of England. His marriage to Anne, and subsequent marriages to Jane Seymour (m.1536), Anne of Cleves (m.1540), Catherine Howard (m.1540), and Catherine Parr (m.1543), resulted in two further children: a daughter, Elizabeth, born to Anne Boleyn in 1533, and a son, Edward, born to Jane Seymour in 1537.

Henry’s reign saw important changes not only to the formation of the church, but to the legal union of England and Wales, with the Laws in Wales Acts of 1535 and 1542, and to England’s relationship with Ireland, following the Crown of Ireland Act of 1542. Henry also introduced significant measures to expand and develop the Royal Navy and engaged in an active, albeit expensive and often unsuccessful, foreign policy of wars against King Francis I of France and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. While as a young man he was highly-respected for his learning, athleticism and handsome appearance, the latter years of Henry’s life were characterised by periods of ill health and increased paranoia. He died in 1547 and was interred in St. George’s Chapel at Windsor Castle.

Doryn, Perrot[t]

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN150
  • Person
  • fl. 1509-1510

Chamberer and companion to Lady Margaret Beaufort.

Stanhope, Alice

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN151
  • Person
  • fl.1507-1532

Daughter of John Flygh, yeoman of the wardrobe to Henry VII. Alice was married to Edmund Stanhope, son of Henry Stanhope.

Stanhope, Henry

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN152
  • Person
  • fl.1500-1510

Likely to be Henry Stanhope, son of Sir John Stanhope (1412-1493) and Elizabeth Talbot. Henry Stanhope married Joan Rochford of Stoke Rochford around 1476. Their son, Edmund Stanhope, was buried in the chapel at Houghton.

Stanhope, Edward, Sir

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN153
  • Person
  • c.1472-1511

Likely to be Edward Stanhope, born at Rampton in or around the early 1470s, son of Sir Thomas Stanhope, and a member of the prominent Nottinghamshire Stanhope family. Edward fought both at the Battle of Stoke in 1487 and at the Battle of Blackheath in 1497, whereupon he was knighted for his valour. He served as Sheriff of Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire; Steward of Wakefield; and Constable of Sandale Castle, West Yorkshire. He was married first to Avelina Clifton, daughter of Sir Gervas Clifton, and second, to Elizabeth Bourchier, daughter of Foulk Bourchier, Lord Fitz-Waren.

Crick, Thomas

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN154
  • Person
  • 1801-1876

Thomas Crick was born in April 1801, the son of Thomas Crick (Caius, 1774), Rector of Little Thurlow Suffolk. Educated at Norwich and Felsted, Crick was admitted Sizar to St John’s in 1818. He matriculated in 1819 and graduated BA in 1923, Bachelor of Divinity in 1833.

He was a Fellow at St John’s between 1825 and 1848, serving as a Tutor 1831-46, President 1839-46, and Public Orator 1836-48. During this time as a Fellow, he was also Rector of Little Thurlow, Suffolk, before moving to Staplehurst in Kent. He was Rector there until he died in 1876.

Edward IV of England

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN155
  • Person
  • 1442-1483

Born at Rouen in Normandy, the second son of Richard, 3rd Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, Edward IV was the first Yorkist king of England and a key protagonist in the English Wars of the Roses. He became king in March 1461, after the defeat of the Lancastrian army at the Battle of Towton, and reigned until 1470, when he was overthrown. In 1471, Edward regained control of the crown and reigned again until his death in 1483. He was wedded to Elizabeth Woodville and the couple had ten children, including Elizabeth of York, the wife and Queen of Henry VII of England.

Beauchamp, Eleanor, Duchess of Somerset

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN156
  • Person
  • 1408-1467

Lady Eleanor Beauchamp was the second daughter of Richard de Beauchamp and Elizabeth de Berkeley. She married Thomas de Ros, 8th Baron de Ros, in 1423. After the death of her first husband in 1430, Eleanor married Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset. Her final marriage was to Walter Rokesley. She died in 1467 at Baynard’s Castle in London.

Beaufort, Henry, Duke of Somerset

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN157
  • Person
  • 1436-1464

Henry Beaufort was an important military figure in the English Wars of the Roses. The son of Edmund Beaufort and Eleanor Beauchamp, Henry was born c.1436 and first fought alongside his father on the Lancastrian side at the First Battle of St Albans in 1455. In the nine years that followed, Henry continued to engage in a number of military campaigns against the Yorkists, culminating in his capture and execution at the Battle of Hexham in 1464. Henry died unmarried and without issue. He was buried at Hexham Abbey.

Beaufort, Edmund, Duke of Somerset

  • GB-1859-SJCA-PN158
  • Person
  • 1406-1455

Edmund Beaufort was an English nobleman and a key protagonist in the English Wars of the Roses. A descendant of John of Gaunt, Edmund was the son of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, and Margaret Holland. He married Eleanor Beauchamp between 1431 and 1433, and the couple had ten surviving children. He was also the cousin of Henry VI of England and Richard, Duke of York, with whom he bitterly contested control of the crown following the deterioration in the health of Henry VI and his ability to rule. Tensions between Edmund and Richard culminated in a confrontation known as the First Battle of St Albans in 1455, in which Edmund was killed. The battle marked the beginning of a series of bloody conflicts between the Houses of York and Lancaster.

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